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| 1609 |
| | | Castaways from an English vessel reach Bermuda, which becomes the first British island in the new world | |
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| 1627 |
| | | A British colony is founded in Barbados and within fifteen years has 18,000 settlers | |
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| c. 1630 |
| | | Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America | |
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| 1655 |
| | | The British, settling in Jamaica, soon turn the island into the major slave market of the West Indies | |
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| 1667 |
| | | In the treaty of Breda, England keeps New Amsterdam and New Netherland, and Holland keeps the English-held territory of Surinam | |
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| 1690 |
| | | John Strong, landing on some remote Atlantic islands, names them after Viscount Falkland, treasurer of the British navy | |
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| 1693 |
| | | Gold is found in Brazil, launching the first great American gold rush | |
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| 1697 |
| | | In the Treaty of Rijswijk, Spain cedes the western half of Hispaniola to France, which names its new colony Saint-Domingue | |
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| 1698 |
| | | Scotland makes a disastrous attempt to establish a colony in Darien, on the isthmus of Panama | |
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| 1740 |
| | | Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador become the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada, with Bogota as the capital | |
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